Lidia Todorova – Page 217 – Automobiles Review

Bugatti Legend: Jean Bugatti Veyron Receives Its World Premiere [VIDEO]

After the launch of “Les Légendes de Bugatti” (Bugatti Legends) series a few weeks ago in Pebble Beach in California, Bugatti has just unveiled the second vehicle in this exclusive edition. The world premiere was at the 65th International Motor Show in Frankfurt.

With the Bugatti Grand Sport Vitesse “Jean Bugatti” the French luxury sportscar brand celebrates the oldest son of company founder Ettore Bugatti and his most famous creation – the Type 57SC Atlantic. The model as well as the other five vehicles in the Legend series, will be limited to three examples.

The technology in the second Bugatti Legend model is based on the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse. It is equipped with the 8-litre W16 engine which produces 1200 horsepower (882 kW) and 1500 Nm (1107 lb-ft) of torque at 3,000 to 5,000 rpm. It can sprint from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.6 seconds.

The designers of this Jean Bugatti aimed to follow the concept of its historic predecessor, the Type 57SC Atlantic La Voiture Noire. Therefore the body was constructed entirely from jet black, clear-coated carbon fibre. In addition, the utilization of platinum lends an air of extravagance to the vehicle, with the famous Bugatti horseshoe on the front grille and the EB logo on the rear.

Furthermore, the exclusive appearance of the car is additionally highlighted by the wheels, which include black diamond-cut rims. The signature of Jean Bugatti has been lasered onto the petrol and oil cap and painted Arctic grey.

Next, for the interior of this Bugatti model, the designers was also used the same design philosophy of adding a motif of the historic La Voiture Noire. Inside the car has been fully fitted out in leather.

The Vitesse will also include the same beige and brown tones that were present in the Type 57SC Atlantic. In addition, the seats, instrument panel, steering wheel, dash panel, centre console, door trim panels and windscreen crossmember are all decided in chocolate brown.

The chocolate brown makes the perfect contrast to the light beige silk leather upholstery, which in turn is continued in the footwell, the outer door trim panels and the handle recesses. The colour of the decorative stitching complements the used leather.

The attention is immediately grabbed by the embroidery on the doors and the cover of the rear storage compartment. This passion to the tiniest detail is also visible on the steering wheel as well as in the EB logo, which as mentioned has been styled in gleaming platinum. Another highlight is the gear-shift which stays true to the original Type 57SC design and is rendered in valuable rosewood.

What is more, there are also features such as leather insert embossed with the lettering “Les Légendes de Bugatti” in the extended section of the centre console, and door sill plate displaying the image and signature of Jean Bugatti.

Jean Bugatti Veyron is priced at 2.28 million euros.

httpv://youtu.be/OPZ3NyzNStE

Video Source: YouTube

Source: Bugatti

September 11, 2013

Infiniti Q30 Concept Unveiled At The Frankfurt Motor Show

Infiniti has revealed today the Infiniti Q30 Concept in Frankfurt. The vehicle showcases the next step in brand’s strategy to expand into new segments. Q30 Concept has sleek design and exudes individualized character.

As a matter of fact, this model is a unique blend a coupe, a hatch and a crossover, because in it were included features typically found in the three types of cars. May be the reason for this is tat the Q30 Concept is designed to appeal to younger customers who are not afraid to step in unknown territory.

The designers of the brand has the freedom for this project to be more creative and to explore bolder, even more sensual sculpting, increased muscularity and playfulness. Infiniti Q30 Concept is the precursor for brand’s future production vehicle.

Next to the unveiling of the new concept model, at the Frankfurt Motor Show was also announced the start of the sales of the Infiniti Q50 sports saloon in Europe. The vehicle will go on sale as of mid-November.

Source: Infiniti

September 11, 2013

Suzuki Unveils iV-4 Compact SUV Concept In Frankfurt

Suzuki is currently making the official world debut of its new compact SUV concept vehicle named iV-4. The new model has striking and powerful exterior design, which follows the tradition of brand’s compact SUVs.

In fact, the vehicle is created to be personalized. The result will be a car which perfectly complies customers’ wishes and lifestyle. And this concept is featured in the name of the SUV as well. Here, the “i” stands for “individuality”, “V” for “vehicle”, and “4” for “4 wheel-drive”.

The design of this new concept features straight, sleek lines, clamshell hood, five-slotted front grille. This effects in very futuristic stance which is continued by the distinctive kicked-up character lines on the sides, the fog light with built-in laser sensor on the roof and the illuminated grille.

This Suzuki runs on large-diameter tyres, matched with wheel design that gives a foretaste of the powerful road performance of an SUV. The individualization regarding the exterior is through individual choice of exterior parts, colour, texture, and much more. For instance, there is now being offered the specially created exterior colour Brilliant Turquoise Metallic which comes to remind us of the sky reflected in a skyscraper.

The brand has also announced that there is going to be a production model based on the iV-4 that will be lightweight and will deliver one of the lowest CO2 emissions figures in its class. In addition, it will be equipped with ALLGRIP, which is a next generation of 4WD technology created for exhilarating and powerful drive.

The production model will be launched in 2015.

Dimensions of Suzuki iV-4 Compact SUV Concept:

Overall length 4,215 (mm)
Overall width 1,850 (mm)
Overall height 1,665 (mm)
Wheelbase 2,500 (mm)
Tyre size 235/55R20

Source: Suzuki

September 11, 2013

Frankfurt Motor Show: Volkswagen e-Golf And e-Up!

A double premiere in Frankfurt is making the iconic German brand Volkswagen, which has unveiled two new and very efficient electric cars – Volkswagen e-up! and Volkswagen e-Golf. Both zero-emission cars are perfect for urban mobility and everyday utilization.

Being a four-door models they deliver perfect comfort an in addition are fully equipped. Both Volkswagens are equipped with the following standard features: automatic climate control, remote controlled parking heating/ventilation (air conditioning and heating), radio-navigation system, heated windscreen, alloy wheels, LED daytime running lights and in the case of the e-Golf all-LED headlights.

More importantly is that they are also extremely efficient. For instance when travelling 100 kilometres, the e-up! consumes just 11.7 kWh of power, whilethe e-Golf also achieves 12.7 kWh/100 km.

Despite their great efficiency both vehicles promise to deliver sporty performance. They have superior suspension and as a result of the low centre of gravity of the batteries positioned within the car floor, the handling becomes sharper. The silent electric motors with which the cars have been equipped also generate a level of starting torque from standstill.

Volkswagen e-Golf I powered by an 85 kW (115 hp) electric motor, which achieves speeds of up to 12,000 rpm. In addition the unit generates maximum of 270 Nm (200 lb-ft). These numbers make it possible for the car to sprint from 0 to 100 km/h in 10.4 seconds on its way to a Vmax of 140 km/h.

Next, the Volkswagen e-up! is also equipped with electric motor that produces 60 kW (82 hp) and 210 Nm (155 lb-ft) of torque. The four-seater achieves the sprint up to 60 km/h in 4.9 seconds and reaches 100 km/h in 12.4 seconds. The top speed here is 130 km/h.

From a single battery charge (18.7 kWh) the e-up! has a range of up to 160 km. The e-Golf has a larger battery (24.2 kWh) and therefore has bigger range of up to 190 km. Both vehicles work in three driving modes (‘Normal’, ‘Eco’ and ‘Eco+’) and four levels of regenerative braking (‘D1’, ‘D2’, ‘D3’ and ‘B’).

The new zero-emission Volkswagens are ready to charge the electric car segment with innovative engineering, great everyday practicality and a dynamic feeling.

Source: Volkswagen

September 11, 2013

Frankfurt Motor Show: Lexus LF-NX Crossover Concept [VIDEO]

Lexus has just officially revealed its latest concept – the LF-NX Compact Crossover at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. As one can see the design philosophy behind this vehicle is that it focuses on the growing segment of smaller, city-compact premium crossovers.

It is only 182.7 inches long and has a wheelbase of 106.3-inch. Although its smaller size when compared to other SUVs in the segment, it is youthful, confident and innovative; and it includes a new bold look that gives an insight into the future evolution of the Lexus L-finesse design language.

The exterior of the brand’s new concept is definitely bold and delivers more distinctive and sculpted styling. The front of the new concept features a strong interpretation of the Lexus spindle grille. Here, both the chrome trim and grille mesh pattern are enhanced in size as the grille widens through the lower bumper area. This emphasizes vehicle’s wide front track and powerful visual presence.

Furthermore, the upper edges of the grille create powerful lines which in turn define the hood edges. The base on the other hand is highlighted by a chrome-finished underbody panel. The front is characterized also by signature front lighting which includes three diamond-shaped LED headlamps and the independent Daytime Running Lights (DRL).

The front as well as the rear fender is formed by a series of muscular curves. The wheel arches incorporate black painted trim. In profile above the belt line, this Lexus combines with a steeply raked tailgate and integral spoiler to create an athletic stance.

Next, the rear of the LF-NX is includes sculpted lamp clusters that make an instantly identifiable light signature, and extend the full depth of the bumper. The wide lower bumper has been detailed without a visible exhaust system. This is because of the full hybrid powertrain with which the vehicle is equipped. At last, the exterior paint finish of the Lexus LF-NX concept is the new Brushed Metal Silver.

Going inside the vehicle, one sees that Lexus have continued here its ‘Human Oriented’ L-finesse design philosophy. The interior features bold, powerful forms which create a driver-focused cockpit within an ergonomically ideal environment.

One immediately views that the center console extends the full length of the cabin and goes to the rear seats. Bright, brushed metal finish has also been applied to the driver’s instrument meters, the steering wheel, the seat structure and the overhead console.

Black and Sunrise Yellow leather upholstery with contrast stitching is visible on the seats and soft parts f the interior, while sophisticated blue instrument and switchgear lighting add to the feeling off luxury.

The interaction with the switchgear and instrumentation is at the heart of Lexus interior design. The cabin of the car includes an upper display zone and lower operation zone dashboard. The upper display zone features an exclusive driver’s instrument meter design. The other one serves in terms of allowing access to a new generation of touch-sensitive, electrostatic switcheson door trim, and the new Lexus Remote Touch Interface (RTI).

More importantly, the LF-NX concept is equipped with a full hybrid powertrain specifically updated for SUV performance. The full hybrid drive system includes a 2.5-liter, four-cylinder Atkinson cycle gas engine and a powerful electric motor. Of course, this only results in outstanding fuel consumption and low emissions.

httpv://youtu.be/e0NGXcejdKQ

Video Source: YouTube

Source: Lexus

September 11, 2013

Jaguar Reveals C-X17 Sports Crossover Concept [VIDEO]

Jaguar C-X17 Sports Crossover Concept is making an official debut at 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. The vehicle has been created as a design study and introduces Jaguar’s aluminum unibody architecture. On the latter many other new vehicles will be built.

In fact, the architecture is high-strength, lightweight, extremely stiff and embodies innovative efficiency technologies. It is one of the main reasons for the unique character, dynamics, performance and luxury of the car.

This is the first sports crossover of the brand with which it aims to appeal to the wider global audience. The first product from the new architecture will be a new premium C/D segment sedan which will be available at the markets in 2015.

The dimensions of the C-X17 are 4,718mm (185.7”) length and 1,649mm (64.9”) height. Although it is a distinctive crossover, it carries the emblematic Jaguar appearance. For example, the grille is an evolution of the distinctive nose of the Jaguar XJ luxury sedan, while the sculptured haunch lines remind of that of the Jaguar F-TYPE sports car.

The car runs on 23-inch alloy wheels matched with low profile tyres, and give the C-concept a sporting, aggressive presence. In addition, the LED headlamps, J-shaped running lights and frosted-glass foglights set into the large front intakes additionally enhance the visual stance of the car.

The vehicle is painted in a Cesium Blue finish, with gloss black brightwork surrounding the windows. The split five-spoke alloys harmoniously add to this appearance because they are decided in Dark Atlas Graphite with gloss black finishers.

The interior of the car includes four individual bucket seats which exude luxury and comfortability. The crossover also features a unique roof that includes contoured vanes which in turn provide a distinctive ‘elliptical’ panoramic view.

The materials used inside are premium and authentic. The traditional craftsmanship with modern finishing techniques is visible throughout the interior. For instance here are included, a combination of Jet saddle Connolly leather and Orchid Connolly leather on the instrument panel, seats, armrests, doors, floor and in the cargo area, with stitching on the saddle leather.

On the other hand, the utilization of die-cut Houndstooth-pattern leather patches on the main leather panels further adds to the vehicle’s comfortable ambience. Another luxury effect is made by the ruthenium, milled aluminum and black brushed anodized metal finishes. The door finish is gloss black.

What is more, a center tunnel which runs the length of the car and extends from the instrument panel through to the rear passenger seats includes Interactive Surface Console. This is an interactive multi-passenger infotainment hub with a series of touchscreens under a continuous panel of transparent acrylic glass.

At last, the premium in-car digital audio system of the Jaguar C-X17 has been designed by Meridian Company, while the vehicle’s center console is configured for a Heads Up Display projector.

httpv://youtu.be/S-Sj7NljUQE

httpv://youtu.be/gtstRdSUzlI

Video Source: YouTube

Source: Jaguar

September 10, 2013

Frankfurt Motor Show: Audi nanuk quattro concept

Audi is currently showing the Audi nanuk quattro concept in Frankfurt. The car was in collaboration with the designers from Italdesign Giugiaro. The result is a sports car that can stand out equally at home on the race track.

This concept mixes the dynamics of a mid-engine sports car with the versatility of a sporty recreational vehicle. Born as a two-seater, it is powered by the V10 TDI engine installed longitudinally in front of the rear axle.

It has the capability to produce over 400 kW (544 hp) and 1,000 Nm (737.56 lb-ft) of torque to the crankshaft from just 1,500 rpm. Its twin-turbo register charging unit is controlled via the Audi valvelift system (AVS). The engine is matched with a seven-speed S tronic transmission, which is positioned behind the powertrain.

Nanuk quattro concept has a dry weight of circa 1,900 kilograms (4,188.78 lb). Thanks to this and to the powerful engine it can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) in 3.8 seconds on its way to a top speed of 305 km/h (189.52 mph).

The car runs on 22-inch wheels which are coupled with 235/50 tires at the front and 295/45 at the rear. The carbon fiber-ceramic brake discs are also used here and they can withstand high temperatures.

A technological highlight of the show car is the integral steering, which combines the proven Audi dynamic steering at the front axle. In this way it can intervene at the cornering limit for enhanced stability, with additional steering for the rear wheels.

The new quattro concept has a wheelbase of 2,710 millimeters (106.69 in). It is 4,541 millimeters (178.78 in) long, 1,990 millimeters (78.35 in) wide and 1,337 milli-meters (52.64 in) high. Its body is made of lightweight aluminum Audi Space Frame (ASF) and there are also included components made of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) that are painted in Extreme Red.

At the front one can see a very flat version of a hexagonal single-frame grille and a narrow aluminum frame which is around its insert. The dynamic daytime running lights used here also serve as dynamic turn signals. The headlights also incorporate the new Audi Matrix LED technology.

From the side, the one sees that the contours of the fenders dominate. The front contour forms a sharp blister edge, while the rear one extends like a wave over the wheel. In addition, the upper and lower sections of the door stick out while the center section is slightly recessed. The doors open upward. Instead of exterior mirrors there are wing-shaped cameras used.

At the rear of the car can be seen a concave section that extends across the entire width and incorporates the Audi rings. The third brake light here runs as a flat strip between the tail-lights. In addition, the diffuser includes two large and round tailpipes of the exhaust system.

Furthermore, at the rear is a large rear window through which the TDI engine can be viewed.

Next, the interior of the Audi nanuk quattro concept includes a design which focuses on the instrument cluster. A carbon island accentuates the cockpit. The instrument panel highlights the horizontal lines and the width of the car and it is supported by aluminum stirrups at the center console.

The center tunnel console and the steering wheel house all of the control elements, the electronically controlled air suspension, the touchwheel for navigation and multimedia functions and the turn signals.

What is more, the show car is equipped with a freely programmable instrument cluster. This means that the driver can evoke a range of displays and information. Two small monitors in the area of the A-pillars serve as digital exterior mirrors and display the images from the cameras on the doors. The rearview mirror is replaced by the center display mounted on the headlining.

The instrument panel, the seats, the arm rests and door panels are covered in fine mineral gray leather. Another material used in the interior of the Audi nanuk quattro concept is CFRP.

Source: Audi

September 10, 2013

Rolls-Royce Unveils Celestial Phantom Model In Frankfurt

Rolls-Royce Motor Cars has just unveiled the Celestial Phantom vehicle at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The car comes to celebrate the ten years anniversary of the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars’ renaissance under BMW Group custodianship and the production of the first Phantom in Goodwood, England.

This model evokes the spirit of elegance and lightness of touch. Its exterior color resembles the night sky and includes fine glass particles into the paint. This in turn effects as the alluring sense of depth and light. The theme continues when one opens the coach doors of this very special Phantom Extended Wheelbase.

Inside, the occupants are welcomed with a new take on Starlight Headliner. The constellations, exactly as they were at midnight on that historic evening are represented by over a thousand fibre optic lights incorporated into Celestial Phantom’s headlining.

Of course, the finest leathers in a ‘Dusk’ hue were used to continue the theme of the inky quality of a cloudless night sky. Exclusive glassware and an exquisitely appointed picnic set highlight additionally the luxury lifestyle that car offers.

Attention to the details can be seen throughout the interior. For example, finer detail still with hand-stitching to the headliner subtly maps out the constellations. In addition, the rear privacy divider’s clock replete is made with four diamonds.

Source: Rolls-Royce

September 10, 2013

Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse Makes Frankfurt Debut

Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse was unveiled in the beginning of August and now makes its official world premiere at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. As a true Lamborghini this vehicle offers high levels of performance and at the same time brings the thrills of the motorsport to the street-legal world.

As a matter of fact, this model is the most extreme one in the Gallardo line-up and it is based on the Gallardo Super Trofeo. Its name refers to the recently-founded department within Automobili Lamborghini that is associated with all motorsport activities from GT3 to the Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo championships in Europe, Asia and America.

The new Lamborghini is derived directly from the race car and is equipped with the same V10 engine. In addition, it also keeps the same rear wing for greater aerodynamic load. Another element taken directly from the racing version is the removable engine hood equipped with a quick-release system. Both elements are made of carbon composite material.

The lightweight construction of the supersports car is achieved through consistent use of carbon fiber. Together with aluminum, the carbon fiber builds the basis for the construction of extremely lightweight vehicle. The dry weight of the car is just 1340 kilograms, which gives the Squadra Corse a stunning power-to-weight ratio of 2.35 kilograms per hp.

This of course results in a breathtaking performance. The car accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 3.4 seconds and reaches 200 km/h in just 10.4 seconds. The top speed here is 320 km/h. The production-standard carbon-ceramic brake system on the other hand is what makes sure one of the best stopping powers.

Squadra Corse’s V10 engine generates 570 hp (419 kW) fully available at 8,000 rpm. In addition, V10’s unique firing order delivers the striking sound. The supersports car comes as standard with the robotized e-gear six-speed transmission operated by steering wheel paddles. What is more, the vehicle features all-wheel drive race cars.

Gallardo Squadra Corse’s has stunning exterior design. A decal strip along the sides is decided in green, white and red, the colors. The car will be available in Giallo Midas (yellow), Bianco Monocerus (white), Grigio Thalasso (grey) and Rosso Mars (red).

The visual stance of the vehicle is further enhanced by the matte black finish on the large rear wing, which contrasts with the body paint work. The hood, front air intakes, rear diffuser and 19-inch forged wheels are painted in high-gloss black, while the brake callipers are offered in red, black or yellow.

Going inside, one can see an extensive use of lightweight carbon fiber and Alcantara. The latter material graces the underside of the dashboard, the central panel of the seat cushion and the backrest. On the other hand, the door panels, the racing seats and the center console cover are made from carbon fiber.

The same material is utilized for the handbrake frame, the middle of the center console, the lower rim of the steering wheel, the trim around the main and secondary instrument panels, the door handles and the handle for opening the glove box.

Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse will be a limited production model and its starting price is €191 100.

Source: Lamborghini

September 10, 2013

TEASER: Bugatti Legend To Be Revealed At Frankfurt Motor Show

Bugatti has just released an image on their official Facebook page, which shows the next Bugatti Legend that is to be revealed at 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. Since the show has already started, we are eagerly anticipating seeing the new vehicle, given that the brand hasn’t disclosed any details around it so far.

What has been written below the image in Facebook is: “The next Bugatti Legend is about to be revealed at the Frankfurt Motorshow. Who could it be?”. Many of the fans of the luxury sports car company are proposing that it could be the Bugatti Galibier 16C or the Super Veyron. Whether they are right, is a matter of time to understand.

In fact, last month the automaker revealed the Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse Jean-Pierre Wimille Edition at Pebble Beach which was the in the special edition Legend series. Now it is time for the second one to be unveiled, which will probably be based on the Vitesse model. Stay tuned!

Source: Bugatti via Facebook

September 9, 2013

Production Start For 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid

The first models of the new 2014 Honda Accord Hybrid are currently rolling out from the factory and will carry an EPA fuel economy rating of 50 mpg in city driving. This will make them the new leader in gasoline fuel-economy ratings among 4-door sedans.

The new Honda Hybrid model will go on sale later this year. Its calculated driving range is 673 miles which is more than 46 miles farther than any vehicle in its segment.

To go further into details, the EPA fuel-economy ratings of the car are of 50 mpg city / 45 mpg highway / 47 mpg combined. The model will also offer to customers sophisticated exterior styling and spacious interior.

The main advantage it has however is the highly efficient two-motor hybrid system from Honda’s Earth Dreams™ Technology advanced powertrain series. The 2.0-liter i-VTEC 4-cylinder Atkinson cycle engine delivers a powerful 169 hp (124 kW) with a traction electric motor that also functions as an electric continuously variable transmission (e-CVT), while the electric motor adds 143hp (105 kW).

In fact, the Accord Hybrid will join the already fuel-efficient Accord lineup which features the EPA-rated 36 mpg highway 4-cylinder Accord Sedan and the Accord Plug-in Hybrid. The latter is EPA-rated at 115 MPGe combined in electric-only mode.

Source: Honda

September 9, 2013

Volkswagen Golf Sportsvan Concept Debuts In Frankfurt

Volkswagen has revealed the Golf Sportsvan Concept, which is the successor to the Golf Plus. The car will make official debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show tomorrow.

The new Golf model is based on the MQB platform and is equipped with advanced technology. The exterior design follows the look of Golf, but has a wheel base of 2,685 mm. This generates more interior space. Inside, the rear seats (60:40 split bench) can slide forwards and backwards by up to 180 mm, which enhances the passenger or luggage space.

The boot capacity is also increased by 74 litres to 498 litres. Moving the rear seats forwards enhances the luggage capacity to 585 litres, while folding the rear seats delivers up to 1,512 litres of room. In addition, it the front passenger seat is also folded, the load space goes up to 2,484 mm.

The new Sportsvan concept has a stronger and safer body structure. It will be also equipped with a range of standard and optional passive and active safety systems. For instance, the automatic post-collision braking system automatically brakes the vehicle after a impact, while the PreCrash system detects the possibility of an accident, pre-tensions seatbelts and closes the windows and sunroof.

Moreover, the Adaptive Cruise Control, Front Assist and City Emergency Braking can reduce or eliminate the chance of accidents. There are also available Driver Alert System, a camera-operated Lane Assist system and a Dynamic Light Assist system. Highlight here is the Blind Spot Monitor, which helps the driver find existing parking spaces. It works by monitoring the area behind and to the sides of the vehicle.

What is more, the Volkswagen Golf Sportsvan Concept will be powered by a range of petrol and diesel engines, all of which incorporate Stop/Start and battery regeneration systems. There are available four turbocharged 1.4-litre petrol engines with 85, 110, 125 and 150 hp (63, 80, 92, 110 kW) and three turbodiesels: a 2.0-litre 150 hp (110 kW), a 1.6-litre 90 hp (66 kW) and a 1.6-litre 110 hp (80 kW) for the Sportsvan BlueMotion. All engines except for the 85 hp one are also available with a DSG gearbox.

Source: Volkswagen

September 9, 2013

Author: Lidia Todorova